Table of Contents

Revision History and Copyright Notice

1. SCOPE

• 1.1. Applicability
• 1.2. Note to the Reader
• 1.3. How to Help
• 1.4. A Note on the Analysis Spreadsheets
• 1.5. Note on Document Links
  • 1.5.1. Using External Links in Adobe PDF Reader
• 1.6. Updates to this Book
• 1.7. About the Author
• 1.8. Acknowledgements

2. REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION

• 3.1. The Third Edition
• 3.2. General Approach
• 3.3. Load, Flow and Stress
• 3.4. Stress Analysis
  • 3.4.1. Measures of Stress
  • 3.4.2. Combined Stresses
  • 3.4.3. Failure Criteria
  • 3.4.4. Note on Practical Stress Analysis

4. MATERIALS

• 4.1. Composite Materials
  • 4.1.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.2. Basic Composite Material Primer
  • 4.1.3. Fundamental Behavior of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Resin Composite Laminates
  • 4.1.4. Environmental Conditions Considered
  • 4.1.5. Manufacturing Effects Considered
  • 4.1.6. Strength of Laminates
  • 4.1.7. General Composite Laminate Analysis Approach
  • 4.1.8. General Laminate Design Guidelines
• 4.2. Metallic Materials
  • 4.2.1. Introduction
  • 4.2.2. Metallic Material Properties
• 4.3. Other Common Aircraft Materials
  • 4.3.1. Stretched Acrylic
• 4.4. Corrosion
  • 4.4.1. Introduction
  • 4.4.2. Forms of Corrosion
  • 4.4.3. Corrosion Prone Regions of the Aircraft.
  • 4.4.4. Corrosion Mitigation
  • 4.4.5. Galvanic Corrosion
  • 4.4.6. Jointing Compounds and Sealants
  • 4.4.7. Stress Corrosion Cracking

5. LOADS

6. SECTION PROPERTIES

• 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.1.1 Centroid (x ̅,y ̅)
  • 6.1.2 First Moment of Area (Q)
  • 6.1.3. Area Moment of Inertia (I)
  • 6.1.4. Parallel Axis Theorem
  • 6.1.5. Radius of Gyration
• 6.2. Simple Section Properties
• 6.3. Section Properties of a Composite Shape

7. STIFFNESS

• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. General Terms
• 7.3. Axial or Direct Load Stiffness
  • 7.3.1. Extensional Stiffness
  • 7.3.2. Bending Stiffness
  • 7.3.3. Axial Spring Design
• 7.4. Fastener Shear Stiffness
• 7.5. Torsion Stiffness

8. BEAM ANALYSIS

• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
• 8.3 Cantilevers
• 8.4. Single Span Beams
• 8.5. Multi-span Beams
• 8.6. Curved Beams
• 8.7. Other Bending Analyses
  • 8.7.1. Particular Solution of Bents and Semicircular Arches
  • 8.7.2. Tension Flexure of Beams
  • 8.7.3. Compression Flexure of Beams

9. TORSION

• 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.1.1. Torsion Modulus of Rupture for Round Steel Tubes
  • 9.1.2. Torsion Modulus of Rupture for Round Aluminum Tubes
  • 9.1.3. Torsion Modulus of Rupture for Round Magnesium Tubes
  • 9.1.4. Torsion Stresses and Deflections of Regular Closed and Solid Shapes
• 9.2. Reserved
• 9.3. Reserved

10. PLATE STRENGTH ANALYSIS

• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Isotropic Plates
  • 10.2.1. Membrane Action of Plates under Uniform Pressure
• 10.3. Composite Plates
  • 10.3.1. Rectangular Plates
  • 10.3.2. Circular Plates

11. PRESSURE VESSELS

• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Reserved
• 11.3. Reserved

12. JOINTS

• 12.1. Adhesive Joints
  • 12.1.1. Introduction
  • 12.1.2. Desired Failure Mode
  • 12.1.3. Mitigation for Critical Joint Failure mode
• 12.2. Mechanically Fastened Joints
  • 12.2.1. Introduction
  • 12.2.2. Mechanical Joint Strength
  • 12.2.3. Mechanical Joints in Metal Panels
  • 12.2.4. Mechanical Joints in Composite Panels
  • 12.2.5. Mechanical Joints, Examination of the Fastener
  • 12.2.6. Potted Inserts in Cored Laminates
  • 12.2.7. Fastener Interaction of Shear Load and Tension Load Effects
  • 12.2.8. Mechanical Joints – Tension Clip Installations
  • 12.2.9. Mechanical Joints – Lugs
  • 12.2.10. Mechanical Joints – Lugs – Additional checks
  • 12.2.11. Other Mechanical Connections
• 12.3. General Treatment of Contact Stresses
  • 12.3.1. Formulas for Stress and Deformations Due to Pressure Between Elastic Bodies
  • 12.3.2. Allowable Stresses for Contacts
• 12.4. Strength of Brazed Joints
  • 12.4.1. Practical Joint Strength and Accounting for Variability
• 12.5. Strength of Welded Joints
  • 12.5.1. Introduction
  • 12.5.2. Strength of Welded Steel Alloys
  • 12.5.3. Strength of Welded Aluminum Alloys
  • 12.5.4. Welded Joints Analysis Approach

13. COMBINED STRESSES

14. ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF METALLIC ELEMENTS

• 14.1. Introduction
  • 14.1.1. Plastic Bending
  • 14.1.2. Neuber Plastic Strain Method

15. LOCAL STABILITY – ISOTROPIC MATERIALS

• 15.1. Introduction
  • 15.1.1. Different Types of Stability Failures
• 15.2. General Buckling Expression
  • 15.2.1. Introduction
  • 15.2.2. Buckle Wavelength
  • 15.2.3. Web Shear Buckling (Rectangular)
  • 15.2.4. Panel Compression Buckling (Rectangular)
  • 15.2.5. Interaction of Shear and Compression Buckling (Rectangular)
  • 15.2.6. Flange Compression Buckling
  • 15.2.7. Bending Buckling
  • 15.2.8. Buckling of Triangular Panels
  • 15.2.9. Reduction Factors Due to Cladding
  • 15.2.10. Panel and Flange Buckling Summary
  • 15.2.11. Inter-Rivet Buckling
• 15.3. Column Buckling
  • 15.3.1. Euler Approach for Elastic Column Buckling
  • 15.3.2. Johnson-Euler approach for Elastic-Plastic Column Behavior
  • 15.3.3. Column Fixity Coefficient, C
  • 15.3.4. Tangent Modulus approach for Elastic-Plastic Column Behavior
  • 15.3.5. Limits to Column Buckling Strength
  • 15.3.6. Beam Column Analysis
• 15.4. Buckling – Specific Cases
  • 15.4.1. Buckling of Thin Cylindrical Shells
• 15.5. Crippling

16. LOCAL STABILITY – COMPOSITE MATERIALS

• 16.1. Introduction
• 16.2. Buckling of Laminates
  • 16.2.1. Buckling of Un-Cored Laminates
  • 16.2.2. Stability of Cored Laminates

17. RESERVED

• 17.1. Introduction
• 17.2. Reserved
• 17.3. Reserved

18. RESERVED

• 18.1. Introduction
• 18.2. Reserved
• 18.3. Reserved

19. FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING

• 19.1. Introduction
• 19.2. Reserved
• 19.3. Reserved

20. NOMENCLATURE

21. NUMERICAL METHODS

• 21.1. Common Equations
  • 21.1.1. Simple Unit Stresses
• 21.2. Unit Conversion
• 21.3. Quadrilateral Analysis
• 21.4. Intersection of Two Circles
• 21.5. Intersection of a line and a Circle
• 21.6. Curve Fits

22. AIRCRAFT SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES AND DESIGN METHODS

• 22.1. Introduction
• 22.2. 06 Dimensions and Areas
• 22.3. 07 Lifting and Shoring
• 22.4. 08 Levelling and Weighing
• 22.5. 09 Towing and Taxiing
• 22.6. 25 Equipment and Furnishings (Interiors)
• 22.7. 27 Flight Controls
• 22.8. 28 Fuel
• 22.9. 29 Hydraulic Power
• 22.10. 32 Landing Gear
• 22.11. 52 Doors
• 22.12. 53 Fuselage
  • 22.12.1. Truss Type
  • 22.12.2. Monocoque Type
• 22.13. 54 Nacelles & Pylons
• 22.14. 55 Empennage/Stabilizers
  • 22.14.1. Elevator
  • 22.14.2. Rudder
• 22.15. 56 Windows
• 22.16. 57 Wings
  • 22.16.1. General
  • 22.16.2. Main Wing Box
  • 22.16.3. Wing Tip
  • 22.16.4. Leading and Trailing Edge Devices
  • 22.16.5. Leading Edge Devices
  • 22.16.6. Support and Actuation Concepts
  • 22.16.7. Ailerons & Elevons
  • 22.16.8. Spoilers
  • 22.16.9. Some Transport Wing Layouts
• 22.17. 71 Powerplant

23. FIXED WING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE

• 23.1. Introduction
• 23.2. Reserved
• 23.3. Reserved

24. OTHER AIRCRAFT TYPES: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

• 24.1. Introduction
• 24.2. Reserved
• 24.3. Reserved

25. CERTIFICATION

• 25.1. Introduction
• 25.2. Reserved
• 25.3. Reserved

26. MICROSOFT EXCEL AS A REPORT WRITING TOOL

• 26.1. Introduction
• 26.2. Excel as a Reporting Tool – The Basics
  • 26.2.1. Choosing your Font
  • 26.2.2. Page Break Preview and Print Area
  • 26.2.3. Printing, Columns and Rules
  • 26.2.4. Advanced Excel Methods
  • 26.2.5. XL-Viking
  • 26.2.6. Creating NASTRAN Input Files Using Microsoft Excel

27. COMMON AIRCRAFT HARDWARE

• 27.1. Rivets
• 27.2. Screws
• 27.3. Bolts
• 27.4. Nuts
• 27.5. Washers
• 27.6. Pins